One of the key measures of environmental health is biodiversity. As of February 2022, Ozark Akerz is home to over 540 species of plants, insects, reptiles, birds, fungi, mammals etc.
Our strategy for increasing biodiversity at Ozark Akerz has taken many forms. This includes but is not limited to:

• Selectively mowing pastures to preserve Milkweed stands for Monarch Butterflies
• Converting an old hay field to a Food & Medicine Forest
• Improving Soil microbiome biodiversity by planting cover crops and amending the soil with raw milk to add Lactobacillus
• Increasing Dung beetle population for healthy pastures and Pineywoods Cattle

In terms of labor, planting native perennial plants in the food and medicine forest has been the most intensive. We have planted 130+ trees, shrubs and other perennial plant, all of which require regular watering, weeding, and hand picking insects like Japanese Beetles every morning for 3-4 weeks during summer to ensure they have a fighting chance to grow. The increase in plant species has had a knock-on effect on the increase in insect, reptile and bird species.

A Food & Medicine Forest attempts to mimic nature. It provides bio-diverse, perennially growing food and medicine and tools. The benefits of growing a Food & Medicine Forest range from carbon capture to self-reliance to increasing biodiversity. We started converting a small area of Ozark Akerz Regenerative Farm to a Food & Medicine Forest in 2017. We’ve allowed wildflowers and ‘weeds’ to grow and added native species of shrubs, trees and flowers, and perennial food plants. Our goals have been multi-fold. In no specific order, these include:

• Biodiversity: Biodiversity is a broad measure of ecological health. By planting and encouraging a wide variety of plant species, the biodiversity of insects that pollinate them increases, as does the variety of birds that feed on insects. A wide variety of plants also provides a broader habitat, food & medicine for insects, birds and mammals, including humans.
• Resilience: Varying weather patterns and disease are just some of the challenges plants must cope with. This can lead to, for example, some fruit trees varieties not bearing fruit in a season. We address this risk by planting multiple varieties of the same species of plant. We have planted 7 varieties of pears, some more disease resistant than others, some more tolerant of extreme heat. By adopting this approach, we reduce the chance of losing an entire pear crop in one season. For climate resilience, we try to choose some species like the Elaine Pear from Southern Mississippi. Plumblee Pear is a great choice for disease resistance. We also choose varieties for their innate traits, For example Kieffer Pears store well for fall and winter consumption, further reducing our grocery bills.
• Native species: Planting native species is a beautiful way to help revive traditional sources of food, medicine, and tools and improve biodiversity. Native species are generally less work to maintain once established and because they have co-evolved with other species like insects and birds, they tend to support more biodiversity. Entomologist Doug Tallamy has shown that native oak trees support over 500 species of caterpillars whereas ginkgos [sic], a commonly planted landscape tree from Asia, host only 5 species of caterpillars.[i]
• Carbon: Our Food & Medicine Forest reduces carbon emissions in two ways. First by reducing carbon-inputs like fertilizers. Each pound of fertilizer takes about 6 pounds of carbon to produce. We use “green mulches” such as clover to fix nitrogen in the soil. We throw clover seed under each tree or shrub which help suppress weeds, maintain soil moisture, and fertilize. Second, the plants all capture carbon. Trees and shrubs capture much more carbon than your lawn does. Every 12 foot tree can sequester up to half a ton of carbon each year, even a dwarf fruit tree can sequester 200 pounds a year.[ii] Planting your trees and shrubs strategically to add shade or a windbreak can reduce the energy and related carbon emissions required to cool or heat your home. To determine how much specific tree species capture check out National Tree Benefit Calculator
• 7th generation: At Ozark Akerz Regenerative Farm we respectfully and humbly add the dimension of 7th Generation as a basis for our decision-making. This value has been held by indigenous peoples of North America for millennia. According to Haudenosaunee Confederacy (Iroquois) “…the Seventh Generation value takes into consideration those who are not yet born but who will inherit the world.”[iii] This means planting and growing native trees and other plants that will provide food, habitat and medicine for the human and animal inhabitants of this land in 150 years. We are reminded of the importance of the 7th Generation value at Ozark Akerz each day; we are the recipients of the gifts of shade and nuts from 2 pecan trees that were planted by someone around 1850, more than seven generations ago. Our friend Linwood Watson, a member of Haliwa-Saponi Tribe of Eastern North Carolina, put 7th generation value into perspective for us: “2 grandmother pecan trees at Ozark Akerz appear to be at least 150 years old. At one point the small farm anchored the trees, now the trees anchor the farm.” This is a powerful statement that inspires us to plant and care for more native trees with the intention that some will grow into grandmothers for future generations.

Subscribe to download the Ozark Akerz Guide to growing your own food & medicine forest and the food, medicine, tools, pollinator habitat and other benefits that are provided by 150 trees, shrubs, vines and flowers.

[i] https://www.audubon.org/content/why-native-plants-matter
[ii] https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/2016-4-july-august/green-life/how-put-your-yard-work-for-climate
[iii] https://www.haudenosauneeconfederacy.com/values/

You may also like: Video: How a Regenerative Farm Boosts Biodiversity & Conservation

We all like knowing where our food comes from and how it’s grown and raised. I hear a lot of people say “the best way to do that is to get to know your farmer.” Our practices of Graze Against The Machine Regenerative Farming is inspired by indigenous principles. Our approach is constantly evolving as we slowly learn from indigenous communities and unlearn the deep-seeded propaganda of industrial agriculture that even pervades some organic practitioners.

We find that not everyone has the time let alone knows what questions to ask to get to know a farm. Here are a few suggestions to get started down the path of understanding the philosophy and practices of a farm.

1. What pesticides and herbicides do you use on your farm?
2. How do you encourage biodiversity on your farm?
3. Have you adopted indigenous principles in your farming practices?
4. What do you do to promote animal welfare?
5. What are you doing to help capture carbon on your farm?
6. Where were you made and assembled?

You’re liable to get a few blank stares if you ask all these questions at a conventionally managed farm, but the questions will hopefully help open a broader discussion of what healthy farming is. Question 6 is a bit of fun to help you learn your farmers background and history.

Keep reading to learn our answers and how we Graze Against The Machine.